Most dental infections affect the tooth or gums, but in some cases, the infection can spread into the jawbone. This condition is called osteomyelitis, and although it is uncommon, it requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.
What is Osteomyelitis?
Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone. In the jaws, it is usually caused by bacteria spreading from an untreated dental infection, although it can also occur after trauma, jaw surgery, or, more rarely, through the bloodstream.
The lower jaw (mandible) is affected more often than the upper jaw because it has a relatively lower blood supply.
What Are the Symptoms?
Symptoms can vary depending on how severe the infection is, but may include:
- Persistent jaw pain.
- Swelling of the face or gums.
- Redness and tenderness.
- Fever or feeling generally unwell.
- Difficulty opening the mouth (trismus).
- Loose teeth.
- Pus or drainage from the gums.
- Numbness of the lower lip or chin in more advanced cases.
These symptoms should never be ignored, as the infection can spread if left untreated.
Who Is More at Risk?
Certain factors increase the risk of developing osteomyelitis, including:
- Untreated dental infections.
- Recent tooth extractions or jaw surgery.
- Jaw fractures or trauma.
- Poorly controlled diabetes.
- Smoking.
- A weakened immune system.
- Previous radiation therapy to the jaw.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment aims to eliminate the infection and preserve the jawbone whenever possible.
Depending on the cause and severity, treatment may include:
- Antibiotics.
- Draining any abscess.
- Root canal treatment or removal of the infected tooth if it is the source.
- Surgery to remove infected or dead bone in more severe cases.
Early treatment usually leads to a much better outcome than waiting until the infection becomes advanced.
Can It Be Prevented?
The best way to prevent osteomyelitis is to treat dental problems before they become serious.
Regular dental check-ups, good oral hygiene, and seeking treatment promptly for toothache, swelling, or infection can greatly reduce the risk.
The Bottom Line
Osteomyelitis of the jaw is uncommon, but it is a serious infection that requires prompt care. Persistent jaw pain, swelling, fever, or drainage should always be assessed by a dentist as soon as possible.
At Dural Dental Practice, we’re committed to identifying dental infections early and providing timely treatment before they have the chance to spread. Looking after your oral health isn’t just about protecting your teeth—it’s also about protecting the health of your jaw and your overall wellbeing.
