Pericoronitis is an infection and inflammation of the gum tissue surrounding a partially erupted tooth. It most commonly occurs around the lower wisdom teeth (mandibular third molars) when part of the tooth remains covered by a flap of gum tissue.
What Causes Pericoronitis?
When a wisdom tooth only partially erupts, food debris, plaque, and bacteria can become trapped beneath the overlying gum flap, known as an operculum. This creates an ideal environment for infection and inflammation.
Factors that increase the risk include:
- Partially erupted wisdom teeth
- Poor oral hygiene in the area
- Food impaction beneath the gum flap
- Trauma from the opposing upper tooth biting onto the swollen tissue
Clinical Findings
Common signs and symptoms include:
- Pain around the wisdom tooth
- Swollen, red, and tender gum tissue
- Difficulty chewing
- Bad taste or bad breath
- Pus discharge from around the tooth
- Difficulty opening the mouth (trismus)
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Facial swelling in more severe cases
Treatment
Initial treatment focuses on controlling the infection and reducing inflammation.
This may include:
- Thorough cleaning and irrigation of the area
- Removal of trapped food and debris
- Improved oral hygiene measures
- Warm saltwater rinses
- Pain relief as required
- Antibiotics are used when there is a spreading infection, facial swelling, or systemic involvement
Definitive Treatment
Unfortunately, pericoronitis often recurs if the underlying cause remains.
Definitive treatment usually involves:
- Extraction of the affected wisdom tooth, or
- Removal of the overlying gum flap (operculectomy) in selected cases
For most patients, extraction of the problematic wisdom tooth provides the most predictable long-term solution.
Early Treatment is Important
Pericoronitis can range from a mild irritation to a significant infection. Seeking treatment early can relieve discomfort, prevent complications, and reduce the risk of recurrent infections.
If you are experiencing pain, swelling, or discomfort around a wisdom tooth, the team at Dural Dental Practice can assess the area and discuss the most appropriate treatment options for you.
