Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is one of the leading causes of tooth loss in adults. The worrying part is that it often develops silently, with little or no pain until significant damage has already occurred.
How Does Gum Disease Start?
It all begins with plaque—a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on your teeth. If plaque isn’t removed by brushing and flossing every day, it can harden into calculus (tartar).
Calculus can begin forming in as little as 24 to 72 hours, although for most people it develops over several days depending on saliva, diet, and oral hygiene. Once calculus forms, it cannot be removed with a toothbrush and requires professional cleaning by a dental professional.
The Silent Progression
In the early stage, called gingivitis, your gums may become red, swollen, or bleed when brushing or flossing. At this stage, the damage is reversible with good oral hygiene and professional treatment.
If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. The bacteria spread below the gumline, causing the gums to pull away from the teeth and creating pockets where more bacteria collect. Over time, the infection destroys the bone and tissues that support the teeth.
Because this process is usually painless, many people don’t realise they have gum disease until they notice loose teeth, gum recession, persistent bad breath, or changes in their bite.
Can Gum Disease Be Prevented?
The good news is that, in most cases, yes.
The best way to prevent gum disease is to:
- Brush twice a day effectively with fluoride toothpaste.
- Clean between your teeth every day using floss or interdental brushes.
- Attend regular dental check-ups and professional cleans.
- Avoid smoking or vaping, as both significantly increase the risk of gum disease.
- Manage medical conditions such as diabetes, which can affect gum health.
How Is Gum Disease Treated?
Treatment depends on how advanced the disease is.
Early gum disease can often be reversed with professional cleaning and improved home care.
More advanced periodontitis may require deep cleaning (scaling and root planing) to remove bacteria and calculus from below the gums. In severe cases, referral to a periodontist or gum surgery may be recommended to help control the disease and preserve your teeth.
Although lost bone cannot usually be fully restored, treatment can stop the disease from progressing and help you keep your natural teeth for many years.
The Bottom Line
Gum disease is often called the “silent disease” because it can progress without pain. The good news is that it is largely preventable and, when detected early, highly treatable.
At Dural Dental Practice, we carefully assess your gum health at every examination and provide personalised advice and treatment to help protect your teeth for life. Regular dental visits are one of the best investments you can make in your long-term oral health.
